Apparatus for regenerating the latent heat of evaporation of liquids.



E. NOBEL & S. BESSONOPP.

APPARATUS FOR REGBNBRATING THE LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS. APPLICATION FILED DEG.17, 190s.

9 1 g gq Patented Nov. 2 1, 191%.

4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

r*@ my wfzawaw: I 5744 5 E. NOBEL & s. BESSONOFF.

APPARATUS FOR REGENERATING THE LATENT HEAT 0F EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION I ILED DEO.17, 1908.

Patented B16124,

an 5292's Wee/{MM aw W LNOBELKL s. BESSONOPP. APPARATUS FOR REGENERATING THE LATENT HEAT 0? EVAPORATION OP LIQUIDS. APPLICATION FILED DBO.17.'1908.

11 941 Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

4 SHEETSSHBET 3.

OOOOOO OOOOOO OCOO B. NOBEL & S. BESSONOPF. APPARATUS FOR REGENERATING THE LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.17, 190s.

i, 1 1 8,04 1 Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

UNITED sa'rns rare oration.

EMANUEL NOBEL AND SERGIUS BESSONOEIE, OF: ST. "PETEESBURG, RUSSIA.

AIPARATUS FOR REGENERATING THE LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION 0F LIQUIDS.

T0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, EMANUEL NOBEL, honorary engineer technologist, and SER- orcs Brssoxorr, engineer technologist, subjects of the Emperor of Russia, residing at 13 Sampsonievskaya Quay, St. Petersburg, Russia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Regenerating the Latent Heat of the Evaporation of Liquids, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention consists in an apparatus for regenerating the latent heat of evapora tion of liquids and comprises the combination of a thermodynamic still with a compressor driven by an internal combustion engine or other heat motor, and withmeans for compensatingfor the unavoidable losses of heat in the cycle. The thermodynamic still comprises a vaporizer for the liquid to be distilled, which vaporizer is a closed metallic vessel provided with two heating coils, one located in its central part and serving to boil the liquid, and the other located in its lower part and being connected with'the exhaust of the engine and serving to pre heat the vaporizer up to the boiling point 7 before the still begins to operate.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically in vertical section. an apparatus embodying the principle of our invention, and Fig.- 2 isa horizontal section of the same on the line 2-2. Figs.

7 3, 4 and 5 are respectively vertical sections,

taken at right angles'to each other, and a plan of the thermo-regulators used in connection with the apparatus, and Figs. 6,7 and 8 are respectively anelevation, a horizontal section and a vertical section of a practical commercial apparatus.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the vaporizer A contains two heating drums C and P. These drums are provided'with end chambersl0 and 11 which are connected by means of the pipes-1'2 andz13 in the respective drums. D represents an internal combustion engine, the exhaust gases from which are conducted into the drum C through a pipe d. The engine drives a pump or compressor E, provided with the gears E in the usual manner and which. pumps the vapor from the upper part of the vaporizer A, through the pipes 71, and forces it into the drum P through the pipes 71, thereby compressing said vapor and con-- sequently raising its temperature. The ex- Specification of Letters Patent.

Serial No. 487,952.

' of the liquid in A surrounding said drum,

and transmits its latent heat to said liquid, thereby maintaining the latter in a boiling condition. The liquid condensed in P is continuously discharged therefrom through the pipe in. This description of the apparatus, diagramatically represented in Figs. 1 and 2,. serves to explain the principle of our invention but, in order to adapt the apparatus for the continuous distillation of liquids, it is necessary to, regenerate, not only the latent heat thereof but also the greater part of the sensible heat evolved in thecycle. This is accomplished by the apparatus shown in Figs. 3 to 8, which will now be described.

The vaporizer A contains drums'C and P, as before, the latter being connected to the discharge side of the pump E by pipe 2', the

suction side of said pump being connected to'the vaporizer A at itsupper part by the compensator L are connected to the vaporizer. B contains a heating drum G and L contains a heating drum H. The pipe 3' conducts the condensed vapors from the drum P into the drum Gr, where they transmit the greater portion of their heat to the cold fresh liquid introduced through pipe 17. into the coil B and surrounding its drum G, the said liquid escaping from said coil through the pipe is.

p is an outlet pipe for air which may be liberated during the condensation of the vapor.

The liquid in B, after being highly heated by contact with the drum G, enters the vaporizer A through the pipe 0. Before entering 13' through pipe 12., the cool fresh liquid, coming from a. source of supply through pipe 3', is led by the branch pipe m through a thermo-regulator N. Pipe Z is extended to .another theme-regulator N, from which a Patented Nov. 241:, rear.

pipe Q leads the fresh liquid into the lower part of the compensator L, in which it is highly heated by the coil H, through which hot liquid from A flows from time to time, entering said-coil through the pipe 11-. The highly heated liquid flows from L to A through the pipe w, which connects with the pipe 0, leading into A from B. From the coil H, the cooled liquid escapes through the .pipe 2)..

To maintain equal pressures in A and B, their upper ends are connected by a pipe T. To maintain a uniform density of the solution in A, it is necessary to provide means to keep the liquid therein at a constant level, Which means may consist of a casing R connected to A at its top and bottom, as by pipes s and r. A float valve t in said casing controls admission to the pipe to leading to coil H of the compensator L. When the level of the liquid in A rises beyond a given point, the valve 6 opens pipe u and hotliquid flows from A into coil H.

The object of the thermo-regulators N and N is to insure that the fresh cold liquid to be distilled will only flow into regenerator B and compensator L in such quantities as can be sufficiently heated by the currents of hot liquid flowing in the opposite direction through the coils Gr and H. These thermoregulators are identical and each comprises a coil of copper pipe m, located in the top of the regenerator B and compensator L, re-

' spectively, one end of the coil being connected by a pipe y with the top of the casing of the regenerator, the other end a serving to introduce a volatile liquid, such as methylated spirit, into said coil. The end a may then be closed by any suitable-means, such as a screw cap. The casing a of the thermoregulator is divided by a partition 7) forming a seat for a valve 0', so that, when said valve is closed, the cold fresh liquid entering the casing from the pipe'Z or m, as the case may be, is prevented from flowing out of the casing to the regenerator B or compensator L. The stem 03 of the Valve 0 carries a piston head 6 on its lower end, which head is pressed upwardly by a spring f contained in a cylindrical extension 9 of the casing. Means, such as the threaded stem h, are provided for adjusting the force of .said spring. Above the valve 0', its stem is connected to a diaphragm j clamped onto the open pipe end of the casing by means such'as shown,

The pressure of the entering liquid, acting on 0' and y", balances the valve and c is kept closed by the spring f until the pres sure produced in the coil :0 exceeds a certain amount and overcomes the force of said spring. The pressure in the coil is controlled, of course, by the temperature of the liquid in the upper part of the regenerator or compensator. In this way therefore, the

supply of cold liquid to said apparatus is automatically regulated by the temperature in the same.

The operation of the apparatus as a whole has been necessarily explained more or less in the course of the above description, but it may be advantageous to restate it briefly. The fresh liquid enters the regenerator B and compensator L through the thermo-regulators N and N. As it rises in the regenerator it is heated by the hot condensed vapor passing through the coil G, and as it rises in the compensator, it is heated by the hot liquid passing through coil H from time to time from A, in both cases flowing through the coils in the opposite direction to the flow of the liquid being heated. The latter is then introduced to A through pipes o, and w and 0, respectively. The vapor accumulating in the top of A is continuously drawn off by the pump, which compresses it and forces it into the coil P in A. From there it passes into coil G of regenerator B and, from time to time, into coilH of compensator L. The exhaust gases from the en 'ne driving the pump pass through the coil of the vaporizer A and escape through the pipe e.

Having thus. described our invention, what we claim is 1. In an apparatus for regenerating the latent heat of evaporation of, liquids, the combination, with a vaporizer,'of a pump and compressor for exhausting the vapors produced in the vaporizer and compressing them, a heat engine for operating said pump and compressor, a heating drum in said a porizer, means to conduct the compressed vapors-into said heating drum, a second heating drum in said vaporizer, means to conduct the exhaust gases of the said heat engine into said second heating drum, a regenerator arranged to rec'eivethe fresh liquid to be evaporated in the vaporizer, a heating drum in said regenerator, means to conduct the condensed vapors from the first mentioned heating drum of the vaporizer to the heating drum in said regenerator, means to conduct the heated fresh liquld from the regenerator to the vaporizer, and means to discharge the liquid condensed from the cooled vapors from the heating drum of the regenerator.

2. In an apparatus for regenerating the latent heat of evaporation of li uids, the combination with a vaporizer, o a pump and compressor for exhausting and compressing the vapors produced in the vapor izer, a heat engine for operating said pump and compressor, a heating drum in said vaporizer, means to conduct the compressed vapors into said heating drum, a second heating drum in said vaporizer, means to conduct the exhaust gases of said heat engine into said second heatingdrum, a re generator arranged to receive the fresh liq-' uid tobe evaporated in the said vaporizer, a heating drum in said regenerator, means to conduct the condensed vapors from the first mentioned heating coil of thevaporizer to the heating drum in said generator, means to conduct the heated fresh liquid from the generator in proportion to the temperature of the liquid asit issues from the 'same to the vaporizer.

3. In an apparatus for'regene'rating the latent heat of evaporation of liquids, the

combination with a vaporizer, of a pump and compressor for exhausting and compressing the vapors produced in the, vaporizer, a heat engine for operating said .pump and compressor, a heating drum in said vaporizer, means to conduct the compressed vapors to said heating drum, 9. second heating "drum in said vaporizer, means to conduct the exhaust gases of the said heat engine to said second heating drum, a regenerator arranged to receive the fresh liquid to be evaporated in the vaporizer, a heating drum in said regenerator,

means to conduct the condensed vapors from the first mentioned heating drum of the vaporizer to the heating drum in the said regenerator, means to conduct the heated fresh liquid from the regenerator to the vaporizer, a compensator, a heating drum therein, means connecting said heating drum with the vaporizer so as to permit hot liquidto pass from the vaporizer to the heating drum in the said compensator, and means to conduct fresh liquid to be evaporated to the compensator.

4. In an apparatus for regeneratingthe latent heat of evaporization of liquids, the combination with a vaporizer, of a pump and compressor for exhausting and compressing the vapors produced in the said vaporizer, a heat engine for operating the said pump and compressor, a heating drum in said vaporizer, means to conduct the compressed vapors to said heating drum, a second heating drum in the said vaporizer,

means to conduct the exhaust gases of said heat engine to the said second heating drum, a regenerator arranged to receive the fresh liquid to be evaporated, a heating drum in said regenerator, means to conduct the condensed'vapors from the first mentioned heating drum of the vaporizer to the heating drum in the said regenerator, means to conduct the heated fresh liquid from the regenerator to the vaporizer, means to dis charge the cooled condensed vapors from the regenerator, a compensator, a heating drum therein, means so connecting said" heating drum with the vaporizer as to per-' mit hot liquid to pass from the latter to the said compensator, controlling means,

such as :1. float valve, to control the liquid passing from the'vaporizer'to the said compensator, means to conduct thelieated fresh liquid from the compensator to the vapor izer, and a thermo-regulator so arranged as to automatically regulate the amount of fresh liquid entering the said compensator in proportion to the temperature of the'liquid as it issues from-the-same' to the vaporizer.

5. In an apparatus forregeneratin g the latent heat of evaporation of liquids, the combination with a vaporizer, of a pump and compressor for exhausting and compressing the vapors produced in the .v vaporizer, a heat engine for operating said pump and compressor, a heating drum in -sa1d vaporizer, means to conduct the compressed vapors to the said heating drum, a second heating drum in the said vaporizer, means to conduct the exhaust gases of the said heat engine to the said second heating drum, a regenerator arranged to receive the fresh liquid to be evaporated in the vaporizer, a heating drum in said regenerator, means to conduct the condensed vapors from the first mentioned heating drum of the vaporizer to the heating drum in the said regenerator, means to conduct the heated fresh liquid from the regenerator to the vaporizer, means to discharge the cooled condensed vapors from the heating drum of the regenerator, and a communication between the regenerator and the vaporizer to maintain a uniform pressure in both said parts.

- 6. In an apparatus of the class described,

the combination with a vaporizer, a heating drum therein, a pump having its discharge side connected to said drum and its suction side connected to said vaporizer above said drum, a second heating drum in said vaporizer below the first drum, a heat engine to-operate said'pump, a pipe connecting the exhaust of said engine to said second drum, means to maintain the liquid to be evaporated at a constant level in said vaporizer, a regenerator, a heating drum therein, a connection of said last-mentioned drum and'the first-mentioned drum of the vaporizer,

drum, a second heating drum in said vaporizer below the first drum, a heat engine to operate said pump, a pipe connecting the exhaust of said engine to said second drum, means to maintain the liquid to be evaporated at a constant level in said Vaporizer, a regenerator, a heating drum therein, a connection of said last-mentioned drum and the first-mentioned drum of the vaporizer, means to supply fresh cold liquid to the lower end of said regenerator, means connecting the upper end of said regenerator to said vaporizer, a compensator, means to supply fresh cold liquid to the lower end of said compensator, means connecting the upper end of the same to the vaporizer,-means permitting overflow of hot liquid. from said vaporizer to enter said compensator, and means to regulate the amount of fresh liquid entering said regenerator and said compensator, by the temperature of the liquid issuing therefrom.

In testimony whereof, We have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

EMANUEL NOBEL. SERGIUS BESSONOFF. Witnesses H. A. LOVIAGHIN, EDWARD MANsoHEIn'r. 

